{"id":11463,"date":"2025-03-14T15:44:46","date_gmt":"2025-03-14T15:44:46","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/www.caltagmedsystems.co.uk\/information\/?p=11463"},"modified":"2025-03-18T15:54:21","modified_gmt":"2025-03-18T15:54:21","slug":"kactus-cd3-heterodimers","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/www.caltagmedsystems.co.uk\/information\/kactus-cd3-heterodimers\/","title":{"rendered":"KACTUS: CD3 Heterodimers"},"content":{"rendered":"\n

Background<\/h2>\n\n\n\n
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TCR\/CD3 signaling pathways. Source: Louis-Dit-Sully C et. al, 2012<\/figcaption><\/figure>\n\n\n\n
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Cluster of Differentiation 3 (CD3) is a multimeric protein complex and T cell co-receptor that plays an essential role in adaptive immune responses. This complex is composed of four distinct polypeptide chains: epsilon (\u03b5), gamma (\u03b3), delta (\u03b4), and zeta (\u03b6), which assemble as three pairs of dimers (\u03b5\u03b3, \u03b5\u03b4, \u03b6\u03b6). These CD3 molecules bind non-covalently to the T-cell receptor (TCR) to form the TCR\/CD3 receptor complex on the surface of T cells.<\/p>\n<\/div>\n\n\n\n

CD3 proteins interactions with T cells<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

The CD3 proteins have a transmembrane domain, a cytoplasmic tail, and an N-terminal extracellular region containing immunoglobulin-like domains, classifying them as part of the immunoglobulin superfamily. The intracellular immunoreceptor tyrosine-based activation motifs (ITAMs) located in the cytoplasmic tails are essential for signal transduction upon T cell receptor engagement.

The CD3 complex is a defining feature of the T cell lineage and is involved in activating both cytotoxic T cells (CD8+ naive T cells) and T helper cells (CD4+ naive T cells). Antibodies against CD3 molecules can either stimulate or block T cell activation signal transduction, offering a potential avenue for developing treatments for organ transplant rejection and autoimmune diseases.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Comprehensive Collection of Bioactive CD3 Homodimers, Heterodimers, & Monomers<\/h2>\n\n\n\n

Through KACTUS’ unique\u00a0SAMS\u2122 protein engineering and expression platform<\/a>, KACTUS provides a variety of highly active CD3 proteins, including monomers, dimers, and other forms, to meet the diverse needs of researchers in immunology, antibody preparation, and screening.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Product Applications:<\/h3>\n\n\n\n

Antibody discovery:<\/strong>
Immunisation
Antibody screening
Functional characterisation

Affinity determination:<\/strong>
ELISA \/ SPR \/ BLI<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Product Features:<\/h3>\n\n\n\n