{"id":11491,"date":"2025-03-17T11:08:46","date_gmt":"2025-03-17T11:08:46","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/www.caltagmedsystems.co.uk\/information\/?p=11491"},"modified":"2025-03-18T15:54:13","modified_gmt":"2025-03-18T15:54:13","slug":"immune-checkpoint-proteins","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/www.caltagmedsystems.co.uk\/information\/immune-checkpoint-proteins\/","title":{"rendered":"KACTUS: Immune Checkpoint Proteins"},"content":{"rendered":"\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\">Background<\/h2>\n\n\n\n<p>Immune checkpoints are a series of molecules expressed on immune cells that regulate the degree of immune activation, preventing excessive activation of the immune system. Dysfunction in the expression or function of immune checkpoints is a significant cause of many diseases. Tumour cells often keep immune checkpoints activated, preventing antigens from being presented to T cells, thereby impairing the normal immune function of T cells and enabling immune evasion. Common immune checkpoints include CTLA-4 (cytotoxic T lymphocyte-associated antigen-4) and PD-1 (programmed death receptor-1), which are receptors on the surface of T lymphocytes.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<figure class=\"wp-block-image is-resized\"><img decoding=\"async\" src=\"https:\/\/kactusbio.com\/cdn\/shop\/files\/Immune_Checkpoint_Giusy_2020.png?v=1719346003&amp;width=1000\" alt=\"\" style=\"width:303px;height:auto\"\/><figcaption class=\"wp-element-caption\"><em>Mechanism of action of immune checkpoint inhibitors (Giusy Elia, et al, 2020)<\/em><\/figcaption><\/figure>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading clear\">Comprehensive Catalog of Immune Checkpoint Proteins<\/h2>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\">PD-1, PD-L1, CTLA-4, TIGIT, CD40 &amp; more<\/h3>\n\n\n\n<p>Currently, immune checkpoints remain a hot topic in clinical research, with new targets and drugs emerging continuously. Based on KACTUS&#8217; <a href=\"https:\/\/kactusbio.com\/pages\/sams\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\">SAMS\u2122 protein engineering and production platform<\/a>, they have developed a series of immune checkpoint proteins with various tags, covering targets such as&nbsp;<a href=\"https:\/\/www.caltagmedsystems.co.uk\/pricing_ordering\/?group_1=All&amp;group_2=All&amp;supplier=154&amp;clonality=All&amp;host=All&amp;species=All&amp;applications=All&amp;regulatory_status=All&amp;searchwords=pd-1\">PD-1<\/a>,&nbsp;<a href=\"https:\/\/www.caltagmedsystems.co.uk\/pricing_ordering\/?group_1=All&amp;group_2=All&amp;supplier=154&amp;clonality=All&amp;host=All&amp;species=All&amp;applications=All&amp;regulatory_status=All&amp;searchwords=pd-l1\">PD-L1<\/a>,&nbsp;<a href=\"https:\/\/www.caltagmedsystems.co.uk\/pricing_ordering\/?group_1=All&amp;group_2=All&amp;supplier=154&amp;clonality=All&amp;host=All&amp;species=All&amp;applications=All&amp;regulatory_status=All&amp;searchwords=ctla-4\">CTLA-4<\/a>,&nbsp;<a href=\"https:\/\/www.caltagmedsystems.co.uk\/pricing_ordering\/?group_1=All&amp;group_2=All&amp;supplier=154&amp;clonality=All&amp;host=All&amp;species=All&amp;applications=All&amp;regulatory_status=All&amp;searchwords=Tim-3\">TIM-3<\/a>,&nbsp;<a href=\"https:\/\/www.caltagmedsystems.co.uk\/pricing_ordering\/?group_1=All&amp;group_2=All&amp;supplier=154&amp;clonality=All&amp;host=All&amp;species=All&amp;applications=All&amp;regulatory_status=All&amp;searchwords=OX40\">OX40<\/a>,&nbsp;<a href=\"https:\/\/www.caltagmedsystems.co.uk\/pricing_ordering\/?group_1=All&amp;group_2=All&amp;supplier=154&amp;clonality=All&amp;host=All&amp;species=All&amp;applications=All&amp;regulatory_status=All&amp;searchwords=tigit\">TIGIT<\/a>,&nbsp;<a href=\"https:\/\/www.caltagmedsystems.co.uk\/pricing_ordering\/?group_1=All&amp;group_2=All&amp;supplier=154&amp;clonality=All&amp;host=All&amp;species=All&amp;applications=All&amp;regulatory_status=All&amp;searchwords=4-1bb\">4-1BB<\/a>, and&nbsp;<a href=\"https:\/\/www.caltagmedsystems.co.uk\/pricing_ordering\/?group_1=All&amp;group_2=All&amp;supplier=154&amp;clonality=All&amp;host=All&amp;species=All&amp;applications=All&amp;regulatory_status=All&amp;searchwords=cd40\">CD40<\/a>. These proteins have undergone rigorous quality control and are suitable for antibody functional validation, cell function validation, pharmacokinetic analysis, and other disease-related research.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<div class=\"wp-block-group is-layout-grid wp-container-core-group-is-layout-b757edec wp-block-group-is-layout-grid\">\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\">Product Features<\/h3>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\">Product Applications<\/h3>\n<\/div>\n\n\n\n<div class=\"wp-block-group is-layout-grid wp-container-core-group-is-layout-b757edec wp-block-group-is-layout-grid\">\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li>HEK293 Expression<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>His, His-Avi, hFc Tags<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>Bioactivity verified (ELISA &amp; SPR)<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>High Purity<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>Human, Mouse, Cynomolgus, Rhesus Macaque, Rat, Canine<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>Biotinylated Proteins<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li>Antibody Discovery<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>Antibody Affinity Assays<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>Cell-Based Assays<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>Drug Discovery<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>Pharmacokinetics Analysis<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/div>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\">Product Validation Data<\/h2>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><a href=\"https:\/\/www.caltagmedsystems.co.uk\/pricing_ordering\/?group_1=All&amp;group_2=All&amp;supplier=154&amp;clonality=All&amp;host=9&amp;species=All&amp;applications=All&amp;regulatory_status=All&amp;searchwords=TIGIT\">Human TIGIT<\/a><\/h3>\n\n\n\n<p>TIGIT, a newly discovered\u00a0immune checkpoint protein\u00a0found on T cells and Natural Killer (NK) cells, plays a crucial role in modulating the immune response. As an inhibitory receptor,\u00a0TIGIT\u00a0acts as an &#8220;off switch&#8221; by competing with the activating receptor\u00a0<a href=\"https:\/\/www.caltagmedsystems.co.uk\/pricing_ordering\/index.php?group_1=All&amp;group_2=All&amp;supplier=154&amp;clonality=All&amp;host=All&amp;species=All&amp;applications=All&amp;regulatory_status=All&amp;searchwords=CD226\">CD226 (DNAM-1)<\/a>\u00a0for ligand binding. This mechanism mirrors the relationship between\u00a0<a href=\"https:\/\/www.caltagmedsystems.co.uk\/pricing_ordering\/index.php?group_1=All&amp;group_2=All&amp;supplier=154&amp;clonality=All&amp;host=All&amp;species=All&amp;applications=All&amp;regulatory_status=All&amp;searchwords=CTLA-4\">CTLA4<\/a>\u00a0and\u00a0<a href=\"https:\/\/www.caltagmedsystems.co.uk\/pricing_ordering\/index.php?group_1=All&amp;group_2=All&amp;supplier=154&amp;clonality=All&amp;host=All&amp;species=All&amp;applications=All&amp;regulatory_status=All&amp;searchwords=CD28\">CD28<\/a>, making TIGIT a promising target for cancer immunotherapy. TIGIT interacts with several ligands, including\u00a0<a href=\"https:\/\/www.caltagmedsystems.co.uk\/pricing_ordering\/index.php?group_1=All&amp;group_2=All&amp;supplier=154&amp;clonality=All&amp;host=All&amp;species=All&amp;applications=All&amp;regulatory_status=All&amp;searchwords=CD155\">CD155 (PVR)<\/a>\u00a0and\u00a0<a href=\"https:\/\/www.caltagmedsystems.co.uk\/pricing_ordering\/index.php?group_1=All&amp;group_2=All&amp;supplier=154&amp;clonality=All&amp;host=All&amp;species=All&amp;applications=All&amp;regulatory_status=All&amp;searchwords=CD112\">CD112 (PVRL2)<\/a>, with varying affinities. Through its inhibitory motif (ITIM), TIGIT suppresses T cell activation and NK cell cytotoxicity, contributing to immune homeostasis. Its ability to protect tumour cells from NK cell destruction makes it a target for enhancing anti-tumour immune responses.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<div class=\"wp-block-group is-layout-grid wp-container-core-group-is-layout-b757edec wp-block-group-is-layout-grid\">\n<figure class=\"wp-block-image is-resized\"><img decoding=\"async\" src=\"https:\/\/kactusbio.com\/cdn\/shop\/files\/20230824165949.jpg?v=1720708942&amp;width=1000\" alt=\"\" style=\"width:354px;height:auto\"\/><figcaption class=\"wp-element-caption\">Human TIGIT, His tag\u00a0was immobilised at a concentration of 0.5 \u00b5g\/ml (100 \u00b5l\/well) on the plate. A dose-response curve for the Anti-TIGIT Antibody with an hFc tag was generated, showing an EC50 of 8.3 ng\/ml as determined by ELISA (QC Test).<\/figcaption><\/figure>\n\n\n\n<figure class=\"wp-block-image is-resized\"><img decoding=\"async\" src=\"https:\/\/kactusbio.com\/cdn\/shop\/files\/20220224140714.jpg?v=1720709156&amp;width=1000\" alt=\"\" style=\"width:353px;height:auto\"\/><figcaption class=\"wp-element-caption\">ELISA demonstrates that the binding of\u00a0Human TIGIT\u00a0to CD155 can be specifically blocked by the Anti-TIGIT Antibody. Serial dilutions of the Anti-TIGIT Antibody were added to the binding reactions of Human TIGIT with a His tag and Biotinylated CD155 with an hFc tag. The half-maximal inhibitory concentration (IC50) for this inhibition is 0.46 \u03bcg\/mL.<\/figcaption><\/figure>\n\n\n\n<p><\/p>\n<\/div>\n\n\n\n<figure class=\"wp-block-image is-resized\"><img decoding=\"async\" src=\"https:\/\/kactusbio.com\/cdn\/shop\/files\/Tigit_ImmuneCheckpoint_Fig3.png?v=1719417929&amp;width=1000\" alt=\"\" style=\"width:567px;height:auto\"\/><figcaption class=\"wp-element-caption\">SPR analysis shows that\u00a0Human TIGIT, His Tag, can specifically bind to Human CD155, hFc Tag captured on Protein A chip, with an affinity constant of 0.17 \u03bcM (Biacore T200).<\/figcaption><\/figure>\n\n\n\n<hr class=\"wp-block-separator has-text-color has-alpha-channel-opacity has-background\" style=\"margin-top:var(--wp--preset--spacing--50);margin-bottom:var(--wp--preset--spacing--50);background-color:#21318f;color:#21318f\"\/>\n\n\n\n<p><a href=\"https:\/\/www.caltagmedsystems.co.uk\/\">Caltag Medsystems\u00a0<\/a>is the distributor of\u00a0KACTUS products in the UK and Ireland. If you have any questions about these products, please\u00a0<a href=\"https:\/\/www.caltagmedsystems.co.uk\/contact.php\">contact us<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p><\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>KACTUS have developed a series of immune checkpoint proteins with various tags.<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":13,"featured_media":11448,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[1,29,641],"tags":[159,976,483,58],"class_list":["post-11491","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-general-information","category-immunology","category-recombinant-proteins","tag-immune-checkpoint","tag-kactus","tag-protein","tag-recombinant-proteins"],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.caltagmedsystems.co.uk\/information\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/11491","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.caltagmedsystems.co.uk\/information\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.caltagmedsystems.co.uk\/information\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.caltagmedsystems.co.uk\/information\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/13"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.caltagmedsystems.co.uk\/information\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=11491"}],"version-history":[{"count":13,"href":"https:\/\/www.caltagmedsystems.co.uk\/information\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/11491\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":11692,"href":"https:\/\/www.caltagmedsystems.co.uk\/information\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/11491\/revisions\/11692"}],"wp:featuredmedia":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.caltagmedsystems.co.uk\/information\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media\/11448"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.caltagmedsystems.co.uk\/information\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=11491"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.caltagmedsystems.co.uk\/information\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=11491"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.caltagmedsystems.co.uk\/information\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=11491"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}