{"id":12204,"date":"2025-05-14T12:17:26","date_gmt":"2025-05-14T12:17:26","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/www.caltagmedsystems.co.uk\/information\/?p=12204"},"modified":"2025-05-14T12:17:27","modified_gmt":"2025-05-14T12:17:27","slug":"peptide-mhc-monomers-and-tetramers","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/www.caltagmedsystems.co.uk\/information\/peptide-mhc-monomers-and-tetramers\/","title":{"rendered":"Peptide-MHC monomers and tetramers"},"content":{"rendered":"\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\">Since the mid-1990\u2019s MHC tetramer technology has revolutionised T cell immunology and helped researchers to better understand T cell responses. More recently, MHC tetramers have been used to study COVID-19 responses and are now an invaluable tool for developing new cancer therapies.<\/h3>\n\n\n\n<p>T cells respond to peptides presented by the MHC molecules. At the cellular level, each T cell recognise a unique peptide MHC (pMHC) combination where CD8+ and CD4+ T cell subsets are restricted to MHC class I and class II, respectively. The interaction between the peptide-MHC (pMHC) complex and a cognate TcR is short lived and of low affinity.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>By multimerisation of four peptide-MHC molecules on a streaptavidin scaffold, tetramers increase the avidity of the pMHC:TcR interaction by engaging several of the TcRs expressed on a specific T cell thereby stabilising the interaction. This allows for direct and specific staining of the T cells. pMHC tetramers provide a simple, fast and efficient approach for monitoring and handling specific T cells. Peptide-MHC tetramers can be used to identify specific T cells without further <em>in vitro<\/em> manipulation, and they allow for a simultaneous evaluation of the differentiation state through co-staining for various phenotypic markers. In addition, peptide-MHC monomers and tetramers can be used to purify and manipulate the specific T cells.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>immunAware&#8217;s MHC molecules (HLA-A, HLA-B, HLA-C, and HLA-DR) are biotinylated; hence all their pMHC monomers can be tetramerised through the biotin-streptavidin interaction. <\/p>\n\n\n\n<p> The peptide-MHC complexes are available as monomers (biotinylated) or tetramers:<\/p>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li><strong>Monomers<\/strong>&nbsp;have a longer shelf life and a higher flexibility with respect to your staining scheme i.e you can make your own tetramers with the streptavidin label(s) of your choice, (including metal labels for CyTOF analysis).<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li><strong>Tetramers<\/strong>&nbsp;are available with Phycoerythrin (PE), allophycocyanin (APC) and Brilliant Violet\u2122 (BV) fluorochromes.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\">immunAware Products<\/h3>\n\n\n\n<p><strong>Catalogue<\/strong>\u00a0<a href=\"https:\/\/www.caltagmedsystems.co.uk\/pricing_ordering\/index.php?group_1=All&amp;group_2=All&amp;supplier=155&amp;clonality=All&amp;host=All&amp;species=All&amp;applications=All&amp;regulatory_status=All&amp;searchwords=Class%20I\">peptide-Class I<\/a>\u00a0and\u00a0<a href=\"https:\/\/www.caltagmedsystems.co.uk\/pricing_ordering\/index.php?group_1=All&amp;group_2=All&amp;supplier=155&amp;clonality=All&amp;host=All&amp;species=All&amp;applications=All&amp;regulatory_status=All&amp;searchwords=Class%20II\">peptide-Class II<\/a>\u00a0complexes covering a substantial range of known HLA class I and HLA-DR restricted T cell epitopes.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p><strong>Custom<\/strong>\u00a0<a href=\"https:\/\/www.caltagmedsystems.co.uk\/information\/immunaware-custom-mhc-complexes\/\">peptide MHC class I and II complexes<\/a> using a peptide of your choice. Discover their\u00a0MHC class I molecules\u00a0and\u00a0MHC class II molecules. To assist your design of custom peptide-MHC class I and II complexes, they recommend that you use predictors (e.g. one from the\u00a0<a href=\"https:\/\/services.healthtech.dtu.dk\/services\/NetMHCcons-1.1\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\">NetMHC series<\/a>).<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p><strong>easYmers\u00ae<\/strong>\u00a0peptide receptive (\u201cempty\u201d) MHC class I monomeric molecules that allows you to make your own custom mono- or tetramers from day to day in your own lab. 50+ different HLA class I allotypes are available; the monomers are biotinylated which makes it easy to assemble tetramers with a maximum flexibility for choosing your preferred flow-color. See their line of\u00a0easYmers\u00ae\u00a0<a href=\"https:\/\/www.caltagmedsystems.co.uk\/pricing_ordering\/index.php?group_1=All&amp;group_2=All&amp;supplier=155&amp;clonality=All&amp;host=All&amp;species=All&amp;applications=All&amp;regulatory_status=All&amp;searchwords=easYmer\">here<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<hr class=\"wp-block-separator has-text-color has-alpha-channel-opacity has-background\" style=\"margin-top:var(--wp--preset--spacing--50);margin-bottom:var(--wp--preset--spacing--50);background-color:#21318f;color:#21318f\"\/>\n\n\n\n<p>Originally posted on: <a href=\"https:\/\/immunaware.com\/technology\/mhc-monomers-and-tetramers\/\">https:\/\/immunaware.com\/technology\/mhc-monomers-and-tetramers\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p><a href=\"https:\/\/www.caltagmedsystems.co.uk\/\">Caltag Medsystems\u00a0<\/a>is the distributor of\u00a0<a href=\"https:\/\/www.caltagmedsystems.co.uk\/immunaware\/\">immunAware\u00a0<\/a>products in the UK &amp; Ireland. If you have any questions about these products, please\u00a0<a href=\"https:\/\/www.caltagmedsystems.co.uk\/contact.php\">contact<\/a>\u00a0<a href=\"https:\/\/www.caltagmedsystems.co.uk\/contact.php\">us<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p><\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>immunAware provide MHC monomers and tetramers for peptide-Class I, peptide-Class II and custom epitopes.<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":13,"featured_media":12234,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[17,29,15],"tags":[1035,50,805,105],"class_list":["post-12204","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-flow-cytometry","category-immunology","category-tetramer","tag-immunaware","tag-immunology","tag-t-cell","tag-tetramers"],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.caltagmedsystems.co.uk\/information\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/12204","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.caltagmedsystems.co.uk\/information\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.caltagmedsystems.co.uk\/information\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.caltagmedsystems.co.uk\/information\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/13"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.caltagmedsystems.co.uk\/information\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=12204"}],"version-history":[{"count":3,"href":"https:\/\/www.caltagmedsystems.co.uk\/information\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/12204\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":12249,"href":"https:\/\/www.caltagmedsystems.co.uk\/information\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/12204\/revisions\/12249"}],"wp:featuredmedia":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.caltagmedsystems.co.uk\/information\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media\/12234"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.caltagmedsystems.co.uk\/information\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=12204"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.caltagmedsystems.co.uk\/information\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=12204"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.caltagmedsystems.co.uk\/information\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=12204"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}