{"id":8174,"date":"2023-08-04T12:16:03","date_gmt":"2023-08-04T12:16:03","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/www.caltagmedsystems.co.uk\/information\/?p=8174"},"modified":"2023-08-04T12:16:03","modified_gmt":"2023-08-04T12:16:03","slug":"ctla-4-cd152-cd80-cd86-cd28-network","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/www.caltagmedsystems.co.uk\/information\/ctla-4-cd152-cd80-cd86-cd28-network\/","title":{"rendered":"CTLA-4 [CD152] \u2013 CD80 \u2013 CD86 \u2013 CD28 Network"},"content":{"rendered":"\n
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Cytotoxic T lymphocyte antigen 4 (CTLA-4; CD152) is an immune checkpoint receptor expressed on the surface of activated T cells. During an immune response, T cell activation is initiated when an antigen is presented to the T cell receptor (TCR) by the major histocompatibility complex (MHC) on antigen-presenting cells (APCs). Antigen presentation alone, however, is not sufficient to induce an immune response. Completing the activation process requires a second signal. To maintain activation of an immune response, the primary costimulatory receptor on T cells CD28 binds to the ligands CD80 (B7-1) and CD86 (B7-2) on APCs. When CTLA-4 is upregulated, it competes with CD28 and has a greater affinity for CD80\/86. The binding of CTLA-4 to CD80\/86 inhibits T cell activation, preserving balance when the immune system is overactive.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

CTLA-4 can also be found on regulatory T cells (Tregs), where it is a key driver of their ability to suppress T cell activity. With an almost indefinite lifespan, memory T cells provide long-term immunity. After they have been exposed to tumour antigens, memory T cells immediately mount an immune response against the tumour. The presence of memory T cells is associated with long-term survival and a low risk of tumour recurrence in cancer. Tumour cells utilise the CTLA-4 pathway to suppress the initiation of an immune response, resulting in decreased T cell activation and a reduced ability to proliferate into memory T cells. Targeting CTLA-4 can restore an immune response through the increased accumulation, function and survival of T cells and memory T cells, as well as the depletion of Tregs, and consequently improve the antitumour response.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

LIT:<\/strong>  CTLA-4 and PD-1 Pathways: Similarities, Differences, and Implications of Their Inhibition: E.I. Buchbinder & A. Desai; Am. J. Clin. Oncol. 39,<\/strong> 98 (2016) \u2022 CTLA-4: a moving target in immunotherapy: B. Rowshanravan, et al.; Blood 131,<\/strong> 58 (2018) \u2022 Evolving Roles for Targeting CTLA-4 in Cancer Immunotherapy: Y. Zhao, et al.; Cell Physiol. Biochem. 47,<\/strong> 721 (2018)<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Biologically Active\u00a0CTLA-4, CD80, CD86 and CD28 Proteins<\/strong>\u00a0<\/p>\n\n\n\n

See all Biologically Active CTLA-4 proteins here<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

See all\u00a0Biologically Active\u00a0CD28 proteins\u00a0by Ancell here<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

See all Biologically Active CD80 proteins here<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

See all Biologically Active CD86 proteins by Chimerigen here<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

See all Biologically Active CD86 proteins by Ancell here<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Biologically Active\u00a0CD28 Proteins\u00a0by Chimerigen: CHI-MF-110CD28<\/a>, CHI-HF-201CD28<\/a> & CHI-HF-210CD28<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

VALIDATED\u00a0Antibodies for CTLA-4, CD80, CD86 and CD28 Research<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

See all VALIDATED\u00a0Antibodies for CTLA-4 Research here<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

See all VALIDATED\u00a0Antibodies for CD80 Research here<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

See all VALIDATED\u00a0Antibodies for CD86 Research here<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

See all VALIDATED\u00a0Antibodies for CD28 Research here<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

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Back to T Cell Immune Checkpoints for Immuno-Oncology Research<\/strong><\/a><\/div>\n<\/div>\n\n\n\n

Originally posted on\u00a0adipogen.com\/ctla-4-cd80-cd86-cd28-network\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Caltag Medsystems <\/a>is the distributor of Adipogen<\/a> products in the UK and Ireland. If you have any questions about these products, please contact<\/a> us<\/a>.<\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

Targeting CTLA-4 restores immune response by more accumulation, function & survival of T cells, depletion of Tregs & better antitumour response.<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":13,"featured_media":8180,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[10,1,637],"tags":[279,185,7,683,685],"class_list":["post-8174","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-cancer","category-general-information","category-t-cells","tag-adipogen","tag-antibodies","tag-cancer","tag-proteins","tag-t-cells-2"],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.caltagmedsystems.co.uk\/information\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/8174","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.caltagmedsystems.co.uk\/information\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.caltagmedsystems.co.uk\/information\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.caltagmedsystems.co.uk\/information\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/13"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.caltagmedsystems.co.uk\/information\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=8174"}],"version-history":[{"count":5,"href":"https:\/\/www.caltagmedsystems.co.uk\/information\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/8174\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":8183,"href":"https:\/\/www.caltagmedsystems.co.uk\/information\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/8174\/revisions\/8183"}],"wp:featuredmedia":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.caltagmedsystems.co.uk\/information\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media\/8180"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.caltagmedsystems.co.uk\/information\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=8174"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.caltagmedsystems.co.uk\/information\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=8174"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.caltagmedsystems.co.uk\/information\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=8174"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}