A recent Nature Immunology paper describes the epigenetic landscape that results from the integration of the inflammatory cytokines type I interferons and TNF.
This comprehensive epigenomics approach to the analysis of human macrophages showed that the proinflammatory cytokines TNF and type I interferons induced transcriptional cascades that altered chromatin states to broadly reprogram responses induced by TLR4. TNF tolerized genes encoding inflammatory molecules to prevent toxicity while preserving the induction of genes encoding antiviral and metabolic molecules. Type I interferons potentiated the inflammatory function of TNF by priming chromatin to prevent the silencing of target genes of the transcription factor NF-κB that encode inflammatory molecules. The priming of chromatin enabled robust transcriptional responses to weak upstream signals. Similar chromatin regulation occurred in human diseases. Our findings reveal that signaling crosstalk between interferons and TNF is integrated at the level of chromatin to reprogram inflammatory responses, and identify previously unknown functions and mechanisms of action of these cytokines.
We provide related ELISA kits for you to start far-reaching discoveries in this field.
| Product Code | Product Name | Reactivity | Detection Range | Sensitivity |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| E-EL-H1539 | Human TLR4(Toll-Like Receptor 4) ELISA Kit | Human | 0.31~20 ng/mL | 0.19 ng/mL |
| E-EL-H0109 | Human TNF-α(Tumor Necrosis Factor Alpha) ELISA Kit | Human | 7.81~500 pg/mL | 4.69 pg/mL |
| E-EL-H2306 | Human TNF-β(Tumor Necrosis Factor Beta) ELISA Kit | Human | 15.63~1000 pg/mL | 9.38 pg/mL |
| E-EL-H0085 | Human IFN-β(Interferon Beta) ELISA Kit | Human | 31.25~2000 pg/mL | 18.75 pg/mL |
| E-EL-H0108 | Human IFN-γ(Interferon Gamma) ELISA Kit | Human | 15.63~1000 pg/mL | 9.38 pg/mL |
| E-EL-H2532 | Human IFN-α(Interferon Alpha) ELISA Kit | Human | 15.63~1000 pg/mL | 9.38 pg/mL |
| E-EL-H1387 | Human RANκL(Receptor Activator of Nuclear Factor Kappa B Ligand) ELISA Kit | Human | 0.16~10 ng/mL | 0.10 ng/mL |
| E-EL-H1388 | Human NF-κB p65(Nuclear Factor Kappa B p65) ELISA Kit | Human | 0.16~10 ng/mL | 0.10 ng/mL |